The Asian Development Bank on Wednesday slashed India's GDP growth forecast for FY23 to 7% from the earlier estimate of 7.2% mainly on account of higher inflation and a tight monetary policy.
India's economy grew 13.5% year-on-year in the first quarter of 2022-23, reflecting strong growth in services, ADB said in its second supplement to Asian Development Outlook Report 2022.
"However, GDP growth is revised down from ADO 2022's forecasts to 7% for FY2022 (ending March 2023) and 7.2% for FY2023 (ending March 2024) as price pressures are expected to adversely impact domestic consumption, and sluggish global demand and elevated oil prices will likely be a drag on net exports," ADB said.
ADB releases the flagship ADO report in April every year. It had then projected the Indian economy to grow at 7.5% in FY23 and 8% in FY24.
In the first supplement to ADO 2022 in July, it however trimmed the growth forecast for FY23 to 7.2% and for FY24 to 7.8% citing higher-than anticipated inflation since April and monetary tightening by RBI due to fallout of the economic impact of the war in Ukraine, among others.
Rising global oil and commodity prices and supply constraints following the Russian invasion of Ukraine have stoked inflation, said the report, adding that domestic factors, such as heatwaves and heavy rainfall, are having a major impact on inflation.
"Inflation has turned out to be more persistent than expected, and led to a sharp tightening in monetary policy," it said.
India's headline inflation averaged 7.3% in April-June, 2022-23 and continued to breach RBI's monetary policy target of 2-6% in July and August. It was mainly due to increases in food prices, accounting for nearly 45% of the consumption basket, the report said.
Rising prices of domestically-grown vegetables accounted for 35% of food inflation. However, India's dependence on food imports has come down over the years to 4.3% of total merchandise imports.
RBI has increased the policy rate by 140 basis points in this fiscal year to contain inflationary expectations.
Last week, Fitch Ratings slashed India's growth projection to 7% for current fiscal year citing elevated inflationary levels and higher interest rates.
ADB in its latest report has also cut China's GDP forecast to 3.3% in 2022 from 5% projected earlier. Lockdowns from the zero-Covid strategy, problems in the property sector, and weaker external demand continue weighing on economic activity in China, said the report.
"This will be the first year in more than 3 decades that the rest of developing Asia will grow faster than the People's Republic of China." For developing Asia and the Pacific, it has cut the region's economic growth to 4.3% from an earlier forecast of 5.2% on mounting challenges due to increased monetary tightening by central banks, fallout from the Russian-Ukraine war, and recurrent Covid-19 lockdowns in China.
For next year, the growth forecast for the region has been lowered to 4.9% from 5.3%, while raising the inflation forecast. East Asia and South Asia account for most of the downgrade.
South Asia, the sub-region India belongs to, is expected to grow at 6.5% in 2022 from 7% projected earlier. For 2023, it has been revised down to 6.5% from 7.4%.
"This reflects modest downward revisions to India's forecast on higher-than-anticipated inflation and monetary tightening, and Sri Lanka's sharp contraction caused by its sovereign debt and balance-of-payment crises," the ADB report said.
Excluding China, the rest of developing Asia is projected to grow at 5.3% in both 2022 and 2023, it said. Developing Asia comprises the 46 members of ADB from subregions -- Caucasus and Central Asia, East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia and the Pacific.
"Developing Asia continues to recover, but risks loom large," said ADB Chief Economist Albert Park.
A significant downturn in the world economy would severely undermine demand for the region's exports.
"Stronger-than-expected monetary tightening in advanced economies could lead to financial instability. And growth in the People's Republic of China faces challenges from recurrent lockdowns and a weak property sector. Governments in developing Asia need to remain vigilant against these risks and take the necessary steps to contain inflation without derailing growth," Park said.
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